DKSESS 100KW KASHE GRID/HYBRID DUK A CIKIN TSARIN WUTA MAI RANA DAYA

Kwatanta batura a tsarin ajiyar makamashi
Ajiye makamashin nau'in baturi shine ajiyar makamashin sinadarai.Ana iya raba shi zuwa baturin gubar acid, baturin lithium, baturin nickel hydrogen, baturin kwarara ruwa (batir vanadium), batirin sulfur sodium, batirin carbon gubar, da sauransu bisa ga nau'in baturi da aka zaba.

1. Batirin gubar acid
Batura acid gubar sun haɗa da colloid da ruwa (abin da ake kira talakawa gubar baturi).Ana amfani da waɗannan nau'ikan batura guda biyu bisa ga yankuna daban-daban.Baturin colloid yana da ƙarfin sanyi mai ƙarfi, kuma ƙarfin aikin sa ya fi na batirin ruwa kyau yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙasa da 15 ° C, kuma aikin sa na zafin jiki yana da kyau.

Colloid gubar-acid baturi ci gaba ne a kan baturin gubar-acid na gama gari tare da electrolyte ruwa.Ana amfani da colloid electrolyte don maye gurbin sulfuric acid electrolyte, wanda ya fi baturi na kowa dangane da aminci, iyawar ajiya, aikin fitarwa da rayuwar sabis.Colloidal gubar-acid baturi yana ɗaukar gel electrolyte, kuma babu ruwa kyauta a ciki.A ƙarƙashin wannan ƙarar, electrolyte yana da babban ƙarfin aiki, babban ƙarfin zafi, da ƙarfin zafi mai ƙarfi, wanda zai iya guje wa yanayin gudu na thermal na batura na gabaɗaya;Lalacewar farantin lantarki yana da rauni saboda ƙananan ƙwayar electrolyte;Tattaunawa daidai ne kuma babu rarrabuwa na electrolyte.

Batirin gubar-acid na yau da kullun wani nau'in baturi ne wanda lantarki ya fi yin shi da gubar da oxidensa, kuma electrolyte shine maganin sulfuric acid.A cikin yanayin fitar da batirin gubar-acid, babban abin da ke tattare da ingantaccen electrode shine gubar dioxide, kuma babban abin da ke haifar da mummunan electrode shine gubar;A cikin yanayin caji, manyan abubuwan da ke tattare da ingantattun na'urori masu kyau da marasa kyau sune gubar sulfate.Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baturin gubar-acid cell guda ɗaya shine 2.0V, wanda za'a iya fitarwa zuwa 1.5V kuma a caje shi zuwa 2.4V;A aikace, ana amfani da batirin gubar-acid cell guda shida sau da yawa a jeri don samar da baturin gubar-acid maras tushe na 12V, da 24V, 36V, 48V, da sauransu.

Abubuwan amfaninsa sun haɗa da: amintaccen hatimi, tsarin sakin iska, kulawa mai sauƙi, tsawon rayuwar sabis, ingantaccen inganci, babban abin dogaro, da kiyayewa kyauta;Rashin lahani shine gurɓataccen gubar yana da girma kuma ƙarfin kuzari ya ragu (wato, yayi nauyi sosai).

2. Baturin lithium
"Batir Lithium" wani nau'i ne na baturi mai ƙarfe na lithium ko kayan haɗin lithium a matsayin kayan cathode da kuma maganin electrolyte mara ruwa.Ya kasu kashi biyu: batirin karfe na lithium da batirin lithium ion.

Lithium karfe baturi gaba daya yana amfani da manganese dioxide a matsayin cathode abu, karfe lithium ko gami karfe a matsayin cathode abu, kuma yana amfani da mara ruwa electrolyte bayani.Batura lithium ion gabaɗaya suna amfani da oxides na ƙarfe na lithium a matsayin kayan cathode, graphite azaman kayan cathode, da kuma electrolytes marasa ruwa.Batirin lithium ion ba su ƙunshi lithium na ƙarfe ba kuma ana iya yin caji.Batirin lithium da muke amfani da shi wajen ajiyar makamashi baturi ne na lithium ion baturi, wanda ake kira "batir lithium".

Batura lithium da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi sun haɗa da: batirin lithium iron phosphate baturi, baturin lithium na ternary da baturin manganate na lithium.Baturi guda ɗaya yana da babban ƙarfin lantarki, faɗin yanayin zafin aiki, takamaiman takamaiman ƙarfi da inganci, da ƙarancin fitar da kai.Ana iya inganta aminci da rayuwa ta amfani da kariyar da'irar daidaitawa.Saboda haka, la'akari da fa'ida da rashin amfani na batura daban-daban, batir lithium sun zama zaɓi na farko don tashoshin wutar lantarki saboda ingantacciyar sarkar masana'antu, aminci, aminci da kuma abokantaka na muhalli.

Babban fa'idodinsa shine: tsawon rayuwar sabis, babban ƙarfin ajiya mai yawa, nauyi mai sauƙi da daidaitawa mai ƙarfi;Rashin lahani shine rashin tsaro mara kyau, fashewa mai sauƙi, tsada mai tsada da iyakanceccen yanayin amfani.

Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate baturi yana nufin baturin lithium ion ta amfani da lithium iron phosphate a matsayin kayan cathode.Kayan cathode na batirin lithium ion sun hada da lithium cobalate, lithium manganate, lithium nickel oxide, kayan ternary, lithium iron phosphate, da sauransu.

Lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate a matsayin baturin ƙarfin lithium kawai ya bayyana a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.A cikin 2005 ne aka samar da babban batirin lithium iron phosphate a kasar Sin.Ayyukansa na aminci da rayuwar zagayowar ba su iya kwatantawa da sauran kayan.Rayuwar sake zagayowar 1C caji da fitarwa ya kai sau 2000.Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baturi ɗaya shine 30V, wanda ba zai ƙone ba kuma huda ba zai fashe ba.Batirin lithium ion tare da babban ƙarfin da aka yi da kayan lithium iron phosphate cathode sun fi sauƙi don amfani da su a cikin jerin don biyan buƙatun caji akai-akai da fitar da motocin lantarki.

Lithium iron phosphate ba mai guba ba ne, ba shi da gurɓata yanayi, aminci, albarkatun ƙasa da ake samun ko'ina, arha, tsawon rai da sauran fa'idodi.Yana da manufa cathode abu don sabon ƙarni lithium ion baturi.Lithium iron phosphate baturi shima yana da illa.Misali, yawan tamping na lithium iron phosphate cathode abu kadan ne, kuma yawan batirin lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate da ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ya fi girma fiye da batir lithium ion kamar lithium cobalate, don haka ba shi da wani fa'ida a cikin ƙananan batura.

Saboda dabi'un lithium baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, ƙarancin zafin aikin sa yana ƙasa da sauran kayan cathode kamar lithium manganate.Gabaɗaya, ga tantanin halitta ɗaya (lura cewa tantanin halitta ɗaya ne maimakon fakitin baturi), ƙimar ƙarancin zafi na fakitin baturi na iya zama ɗan girma,

Wannan yana da alaƙa da yanayin zubar da zafi), ƙimar riƙewar ƙarfinsa shine kusan 60 ~ 70% a 0 ℃, 40 ~ 55% a - 10 ℃, da 20 ~ 40% a - 20 ℃.Irin wannan ƙarancin zafin jiki a fili ba zai iya cika buƙatun amfani da wutar lantarki ba.A halin yanzu, wasu masana'antun sun inganta ƙananan zafin jiki na lithium iron phosphate ta hanyar inganta tsarin lantarki, inganta ingantaccen tsarin lantarki, inganta kayan aiki da inganta tsarin tsarin salula.

Batirin lithium na ternary
Baturin lithium na ternary polymer yana nufin baturin lithium wanda kayan cathode shine lithium nickel cobalt manganate (Li (NiCoMn) O2) ternary cathode abu.Na uku hada kayan cathode an yi shi da nickel gishiri, cobalt gishiri da manganese gishiri a matsayin albarkatun kasa.Matsakaicin nickel, cobalt da manganese a cikin baturin lithium polymer na ternary ana iya daidaita su daidai da ainihin buƙatu.Batirin da ke da kayan ternary kamar yadda cathode yana da babban aminci idan aka kwatanta da baturin cobalt na lithium, amma ƙarfinsa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa.

Babban fa'idodinsa shine: kyakkyawan aikin sake zagayowar;Rashin hasara shi ne cewa amfani yana da iyaka.Koyaya, saboda tsaurara manufofin cikin gida akan batir lithium na ternary, haɓakar batir lithium na ternary yana ƙoƙarin yin raguwa.

Lithium manganate baturi
Lithium manganate baturi yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan lithium ion cathode.Idan aka kwatanta da kayan gargajiya na cathode irin su lithium cobalate, lithium manganate yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga arziki albarkatun, low cost, babu gurbatawa, mai kyau aminci, mai kyau multipliving yi, da dai sauransu Yana da manufa cathode abu don iko baturi.Duk da haka, rashin aikin sake zagayowar sa da kwanciyar hankali na lantarki suna iyakance masana'antu sosai.Lithium manganate yafi hada da spinel lithium manganate da Layered lithium manganate.The spinel lithium manganate yana da tsayayyen tsari kuma yana da sauƙin gane samar da masana'antu.Kayayyakin kasuwa na yau duk wannan tsarin ne.Spinel lithium manganate na cikin tsarin kristal mai siffar sukari, rukunin sararin samaniya na Fd3m, kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iya aiki shine 148mAh/g.Saboda tsarin rami mai girma uku, ions lithium za a iya jujjuya su daga lattice na kashin baya ba tare da haifar da rushewar tsarin ba, don haka yana da kyakkyawan aikin haɓakawa da kwanciyar hankali.

3. NiMH baturi
Batir NiMH wani nau'in baturi ne mai aiki mai kyau.Tabbataccen abu mai aiki na baturin nickel hydrogen shine Ni (OH) 2 (wanda ake kira NiO electrode), abu mara kyau shine karfe hydride, wanda ake kira hydrogen storage alloy (wanda ake kira hydrogen storage electrode), kuma electrolyte shine 6mol/L potassium hydroxide bayani. .

Batirin hydride karfen nickel ya kasu zuwa babban baturin nickel karfe hydride baturi da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na nickel hydride baturi.

Ƙananan ƙarfin baturi na nickel karfe hydride baturi yana da halaye masu zuwa: (1) Ƙarfin baturi shine 1.2 ~ 1.3 V, wanda yayi daidai da baturin nickel cadmium;(2) Babban ƙarfin makamashi, fiye da sau 1.5 na baturin nickel cadmium;(3) Yin caji da sauri da fitarwa, kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarancin zafi;(4) Sealable, mai ƙarfi overcharge da juriya fitarwa;(5) Babu ƙarni na crystal dendritic, wanda zai iya hana gajeren kewayawa a cikin baturi;(6) Amintaccen kuma abin dogaro, babu gurɓataccen yanayi, babu tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da sauransu.

Babban ƙarfin baturi nickel hydrogen yana da halaye masu zuwa: (1) Amintaccen ƙarfi.Yana da kyau fiye da fitarwa da kuma kariya fiye da caji, yana iya jure ƙimar fitarwa mai girma kuma ba shi da samuwar dendrite.Yana da kyau takamaiman dukiya.Ƙayyadadden ƙarfinsa shine 60A · h/kg, wanda shine sau 5 na batirin nickel cadmium.(2) Rayuwa mai tsayi, har sau dubbai.(3) Rufe cikakke, ƙarancin kulawa.(4) The low zafin jiki yi yana da kyau kwarai, da kuma iya aiki ba ya canja muhimmanci a - 10 ℃.

Babban fa'idodin batirin NiMH sune: ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi, saurin caji da saurin fitarwa, nauyi mai sauƙi, tsawon rayuwar sabis, babu gurɓataccen muhalli;Rashin lahani shine ɗan tasirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙarin matsalolin gudanarwa, da sauƙin samar da narkewar mai raba baturi ɗaya.

4. Tantanin halitta
Baturin kwararar ruwa sabon nau'in baturi ne.Baturin kwararar ruwa babban baturi ne mai ɗorewa wanda ke amfani da tabbatacce kuma mara kyau electrolyte don rabuwa da yawo daban.Yana da halaye na babban iya aiki, faffadan aikace-aikace filin (muhalli) da kuma tsawon rayuwar sake zagayowar.Sabon samfurin makamashi ne a halin yanzu.

Liquid kwarara baturi da ake amfani da gaba ɗaya a cikin tsarin makamashi ajiya ikon tashar, wanda ya ƙunshi tari naúrar, electrolyte bayani da electrolyte bayani ajiya da wadata naúrar, iko da kuma management naúrar, da dai sauransu The core ya hada da wani tari da (tari ne. wanda ya ƙunshi ɗimbin sel don rage oxidation) da kuma tantanin halitta guda ɗaya don caji da fitarwa bisa ga takamaiman buƙatu a cikin jerin, kuma tsarinsa yayi kama da na tarin ƙwayoyin mai.

Batir mai gudana na Vanadium sabon nau'in ajiyar wuta ne da kayan ajiyar makamashi.Ba za a iya amfani da shi kawai azaman na'urar ajiyar makamashi mai tallafawa don ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana da iska ba, har ma ana iya amfani da shi don kololuwar aske grid ɗin wutar lantarki don inganta kwanciyar hankali na grid ɗin wutar lantarki da tabbatar da tsaron grid ɗin wutar lantarki.Babban fa'idodinsa shine: shimfidar wuri mai sassauƙa, tsawon rayuwar zagayowar, lokutan amsawa da sauri, kuma babu hayaƙi mai cutarwa;Rashin hasara shi ne cewa yawan makamashi ya bambanta sosai.

5. Sodium sulfur baturi
Batirin sodium sulfur yana kunshe da ingantaccen sandal, kogi mara kyau, electrolyte, diaphragm da harsashi.Ba kamar na yau da kullun na batura na sakandare (batura mai gubar, batir nickel cadmium, da sauransu), batirin sulfur sodium ya ƙunshi narkakkar lantarki da ƙwaƙƙwaran electrolyte.Abun da ke aiki na madaidaicin sandar ƙarfe shine sodium na ƙarfe na ƙarfe, kuma abu mai aiki na ingantaccen sandar shine sulfur ruwa da narkakken sodium polysulfide.Batir na biyu tare da sodium karfe azaman lantarki mara kyau, sulfur azaman ingantacciyar lantarki da bututu yumbu azaman mai raba electrolyte.Ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun digiri na aiki, ions sodium na iya mayar da martani tare da sulfur ta hanyar membrane electrolyte don samar da sakin makamashi da ajiya.

A matsayin sabon nau'in tushen makamashin sinadarai, irin wannan baturi ya samu bunƙasa sosai tun lokacin da aka samu.Sodium sulfur baturi karami ne a girmansa, babba a iya aiki, tsawon rayuwa kuma yana da inganci.Ana amfani dashi ko'ina a cikin ajiyar makamashi na lantarki kamar ƙwanƙolin aski da cika kwari, samar da wutar lantarki na gaggawa da samar da wutar lantarki.

Babban fa'idodinsa sune kamar haka: 1) Yana da takamaiman makamashi mafi girma (watau ingantaccen ƙarfin lantarki ta kowace raka'a ko juzu'in naúrar baturi).Ƙimar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfinsa shine 760Wh/Kg, wanda a zahiri ya zarce 150Wh/Kg, sau 3-4 na baturin gubar-acid.2) A lokaci guda, yana iya fitarwa tare da babban halin yanzu da babban iko.Yawan fitowar sa na yanzu zai iya kaiwa 200-300mA/cm2, kuma yana iya sakin sau 3 na makamashinta a nan take;3) Babban caji da ingantaccen caji.

Batirin sodium sulfur shima yana da gazawa.Matsakaicin zafin aikinsa shine 300-350 ℃, don haka baturi yana buƙatar dumama da kuma dumi yayin aiki.Koyaya, ana iya magance wannan matsala yadda yakamata ta hanyar amfani da fasaha mai ɗaukar hoto mai ƙarfi.

6. Gubar carbon baturi
Batirin gubar carbon wani nau'i ne na baturin gubar gubar, wanda fasaha ce da ta samo asali daga baturin gubar gubar na gargajiya.Yana iya inganta rayuwar baturin gubar ta hanyar ƙara carbon mai aiki zuwa mummunan sandar baturi.

Batirin gubar carbon wani sabon nau'in babban baturi ne, wanda ya haɗu da batirin gubar acid da babban capacitor: ba wai kawai yana ba da wasa ga fa'idodin babban ƙarfin caji na super capacitor ba, har ma yana ba da wasa ga takamaiman makamashi. Amfani da batirin gubar acid, kuma yana da kyakkyawan caji da aikin fitarwa - ana iya caji shi gabaɗaya a cikin mintuna 90 (idan batirin gubar ya yi caji kuma aka saki ta wannan hanyar, rayuwar sa ba ta wuce sau 30 ba).Haka kuma, saboda ƙari na carbon (graphene), abin da ya faru na sulfation na korau electrode da aka hana, wanda inganta wani factor na baturi gazawar a baya da kuma kara da baturi.

Batir carbon gubar cakude ne na asymmetric supercapacitor da baturin gubar acid a cikin hanyar haɗin kai na ciki.A matsayin sabon nau'in babban baturi, baturin carbon gubar haɗe ne na fasahar batirin gubar acid da supercapacitor.Batirin ajiyar makamashi ne mai aiki biyu tare da halaye masu ƙarfi da halayen baturi.Saboda haka, ba wai kawai yana ba da cikakken wasa ga fa'idodin cajin wutar lantarki nan take na super capacitor tare da babban iko ba, har ma yana ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga fa'idodin makamashi na batir-acid, wanda za'a iya caji gabaɗaya cikin sa'a guda.Yana da kyakkyawan caji da aikin fitarwa.Saboda amfani da fasahar carbon gubar, aikin batirin gubar carbon ya zarce na batirin gubar gubar na gargajiya, wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi, kamar motocin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki, kekunan lantarki da sauran fannoni;Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi a fannin sabbin makamashi, kamar samar da wutar lantarki da kuma ajiyar makamashi.